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Should governments talk to terrorists? Do they have any choice?
Without doing so, argues author Jonathan Powell in Terrorists at the Table, we will never end armed conflict. As violent insurgencies continue to erupt across the globe, we need people who will brave the depths of the Sri Lankan jungle and scale the heights of the Colombian mountains, painstakingly tracking down the heavily armed and dangerous leaders of these terrorist groups in order to open negotiations with them.
Powell draws on his own experiences negotiating peace in Northern Ireland and talks to all the major players from the last thirty years―terrorists, Presidents, secret agents and intermediaries―exposing the subterranean world of secret exchanges between governments and armed groups to give us the inside account of negotiations on the front line. These past negotiations shed light on how today's negotiators can tackle the Taliban, Hammas and al-Qaeda. And history tells us that it may be necessary to fight and talk at the same time.
Ultimately, Powell brings us a message of hope: there is no armed conflict anywhere in the world that cannot be resolved if we are prepared to learn from the lessons of the past.
- Sales Rank: #651450 in Books
- Published on: 2015-06-30
- Released on: 2015-06-30
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.48" h x 1.18" w x 6.42" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 336 pages
Review
“Jonathan was my point man for ten long years on the negotiations on Northern Ireland. He was not only a great negotiator but also a brilliant strategist. The lessons he learned there have been put to good use in the work he now does between governments and armed groups around the world.” ―Tony Blair
“Powell's urgent, reasoned, and impassioned argument for negotiation has the potential to contribute significantly to public debate.” ―Kirkus Reviews
“Addresses the practice of negotiating with terrorists...Powell's compelling argument on a touchy topic makes one consider that without attempting to engage in negotiations, a resolution cannot be reached.” ―Library Journal
“Over the course of his decade as Blair's most important aide, Powell came to recognize that terrorism cannot be solved exclusively or largely by military means...Powell argues forcefully that historically, conflicts like the one in Afghanistan have ended only through negotiations.” ―Fareed Zakaria, The Washington Post
“An important book about terrorism...a significant contribution to the understanding of how we can and often do deal with our most adamant opponents.” ―David Holahan, The Christian Science Monitor
About the Author
JONATHAN POWELL worked for the British Foreign Office for fifteen years until, in 1994, Tony Blair poached him to join his ‘kitchen cabinet' as his Chief of Staff. Since leaving the Prime Minister's office, he has worked with a Geneva-based NGO, negotiating between governments and terrorist groups in Europe, Asia and Africa, and has now established his own NGO, InterMediate, to continue this work. He lives in London with his wife and two daughters.
Most helpful customer reviews
8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
The Art of Jaw
By Breakingviews
Financiers sometimes like to compare negotiations to military strategy, with books like Sun Tzu’s “The Art of War” co-opted for the purpose. Jonathan Powell’s provocative “Terrorists at the Table” is a reminder that the art of the deal matters on a whole different level when the result really is life and death. It’s a primer like few others, written by a British former political operative and diplomat of few illusions and stubborn hope. It’s also darkly funny.
Powell is no ivory-tower theoretician. A former Foreign Office diplomat who served for 10 years as chief of staff to Prime Minister Tony Blair, he was the chief British government negotiator on Northern Ireland. As such he had a significant hand in implementing the 1998 Good Friday accord there that largely ended three decades of sectarian killing.
Powell extracts lessons, tips and anecdotes from a dozen conflicts involving armed non-state groups, drawing on negotiation theory but also personal experience and interviews with many of those involved. Some of the conflicts are now over, for example in South Africa and Indonesia, some are now in advanced talks, as in Colombia, and others are unresolved. They cover nationalist, ethnic, religious and political strife.
Though conflicts vary, his basic framework is this: Make initial contact with the armed group (difficult, dangerous and sometimes even illegal in itself); develop a back channel independent of public rhetoric (which may need to last for years); build trust in secret deniable talks (often via small personal gestures, or sharing food and lodging); then move to formal negotiations, ideally without preconditions. Engineer a solid win on a topic of importance for each side at the start, ensure the process is clear and robust, and keep going when things get tough.
A third party can often help, and indeed Powell says peace-making has entered a “venture capital” phase in the last decade, with individuals and small NGOs taking on the role previously exercised by the United Nations and governments. The cost is low, and one success in 100 makes the effort worthwhile. Powell in 2011 set up Inter Mediate, a charity focusing on mediation and negotiation in especially intractable conflicts around the world.
While the participants in a conflict are the only ones who can make peace, certain qualities in a mediator can help, Powell writes, including the ability to tactfully soften or censor messages from one side to the other; a capacity for charm bordering on manipulation; a temper never lost except on purpose; and infinite patience, for example during marathon recitals of historical grievances. He approvingly cites British diplomat Percy Cradock’s first law of diplomacy: The hardest negotiations are with your own side.
Powell sees the quirky and human side of a grim business. At a key point in one peace process a diamond-shaped table has to be brought in so that two adversaries can sit at it – partly facing each other, as one of them wishes, and partly side-by-side, as the other demands. Two leaders of rival rebel factions from Indonesia never speak to each other but sometimes meet accidentally along the aisles of a supermarket in Stockholm, where they both live. An unexpected th� dansant at a London hotel requires Israeli and Palestinian back-channel contacts to shout secret proposals to make themselves heard over the orchestra as aged couples twirl on the dance floor.
Financial dealmakers will recognize some of the strategems and tactics, but will also concede that what for them may often be little more than a lucrative game can, in Powell’s world, save lives that would otherwise end violently.
No conflict is insoluble, the author says. Any armed movement with significant political support or buoyed by a real grievance will need to be spoken with in the long run, though often while still fighting. Definitive victory over such groups is very difficult to achieve, and usually won’t resolve the underlying issues. No democracy can kill all its enemies, he argues, and trying to do so is a misunderstanding of the role of military force.
Creating instead conditions for violent groups to take a political path saves lives and reduces human misery, though many unsavory compromises can be required. Memories are short, and how to defuse conflicts must be constantly relearned, he says. The biggest mistake lies in declaring any group off limits for dialogue, though governments routinely do this before finding in the end that talking is their least bad option after all.
Powell’s precepts will anger some readers, who might wonder if they apply, for example, to jihadist groups. Yes, he says – eventually, on some topics, and with some members or factions. History suggests violent groups that lack support fizzle out. Those with staying power may be fought, and the hearts and minds of their supporters wooed, but talking is also an effective strand of counterinsurgency.
- Martin Langfield
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Uncomfortable, but?
By Old Warden
Mr. Powell presents an interesting hypothesis to the age-old problem of terrorism. That is, the only solution to terrorism is to engage with and negotiate with the terrorists. He comes to this belief through his experiences with the IRA, as well as with other "terrorist" groups. His arguments are persuasive. Coming from a lifetime career in law enforcement, I was extremely uncomfortable with the idea. I still am. This made for a very tough read for me, but I'm glad I stuck it out. Powell does make a lot of sense. While I still believe in the "old ways", I see his point. I'm very glad that there are people with the patience of Mr. Powell to deal with the "terrorists".
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Great read for anyone interested in peace processes
By Suzanne Ghais
This book is more like two books inside one cover, but both are excellent. The longer portion is not about why to negotiate with terrorists, but rather how. Powell draws on his own experience negotiating an end to the Northern Ireland conflict as well as interviews, firsthand reports, and other detailed accounts of other peace negotiations. I believe all of it applies equally to negotiating an end to any war, with terrorists or without. That probably shouldn’t surprise us. Terrorism, as Powell points out, is a means, not an end; it follows that there is not much difference between negotiating with terrorists and negotiating with insurgents more generally. This portion of the book is an unusually comprehensive practical guide, from establishing the earliest secret contacts through to implementation of peace accords. I would recommend it to anyone who engages in or teaches about peace negotiations.
The second book-within-a-book matches the title and is laid out mostly in the first and last chapters. Here Powell argues why, no matter how vile terrorists’ tactics, no matter how outlandish their demands, governments should always be willing to talk to them. History shows that as terrorists emerge from their hideouts, engage in talks, confront reality and seek legitimacy, they will moderate. There is one major exception to his argument, however: Powell emphasizes early on that the book concerns only those terrorist groups that have significant “political support.” (I found this gratifying, as my own research is revealing that public support is the major criterion in determining whether it’s necessary to include armed groups in peace negotiations.) What he does not clarify (nor does my research) is just how much political support we’re talking about—he gives a few examples of groups like the Symbionese Liberation Army that had virtually no support, but that might not be enough guidance to distinguish, say, which armed opposition groups should be involved in Syria’s peace process.
Powell’s prose typically starts with a general statement, followed by two or three paragraphs of real-life case details. This means that while the book offers theory (in the sense of cross-case generalizations), it does so mostly through stories. Having been immersed in scholarly literature the last few years, I found the absence of formal citations frustrating, although there is a thorough and nicely organized bibliography. What the book lacks in academic rigor it makes up for in breadth and practicality. A statement like, “often when things look at their bleakest from outside there is about to be a breakthrough” (p. 197), while not exactly a testable hypothesis, is surely welcome wisdom to a negotiator or mediator. The practitioner-friendly approach does not mean Powell is simplistic—indeed, he takes on tricky topics like the peace-versus-justice debate credibly and thoughtfully. I wish he had dealt a bit more with the subject of civil society in peacemaking; perhaps he omitted it because his own experience took place in a democracy that has mechanisms for the public to express its will. Still, this book offers both a worthy message and a wealth of helpful wisdom on how to make peace with even the most brutal of enemies.
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